This is based on a report in Reactor Netty https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/issues/1408 where the last leak record is in AbstractJackson2Encoder with no further records in Reactor Netty, which indicates it gets dropped before it gets there:

LEAK: ByteBuf.release() was not called before it's garbage-collected. See http://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html for more information.
Recent access records: 
#1:
    io.netty.buffer.AdvancedLeakAwareByteBuf.writeBytes(AdvancedLeakAwareByteBuf.java:616)
    io.netty.buffer.ByteBufOutputStream.write(ByteBufOutputStream.java:68)
    com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8JsonGenerator._flushBuffer(UTF8JsonGenerator.java:2085)
    com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8JsonGenerator.flush(UTF8JsonGenerator.java:1097)
    com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter.writeValue(ObjectWriter.java:915)
    org.springframework.http.codec.json.AbstractJackson2Encoder.encodeValue(AbstractJackson2Encoder.java:174)
    org.springframework.http.codec.json.AbstractJackson2Encoder.lambda$encode$0(AbstractJackson2Encoder.java:122)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.onNext(FluxMapFuseable.java:107)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$ScalarSubscription.request(Operators.java:2070)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.request(FluxMapFuseable.java:162)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MultiSubscriptionSubscriber.set(Operators.java:1878)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MultiSubscriptionSubscriber.onSubscribe(Operators.java:1752)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.onSubscribe(FluxMapFuseable.java:90)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoJust.subscribe(MonoJust.java:54)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoMapFuseable.subscribe(MonoMapFuseable.java:59)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoSwitchIfEmpty.subscribe(MonoSwitchIfEmpty.java:44)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap.subscribe(MonoFlatMap.java:60)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoOnErrorResume.subscribe(MonoOnErrorResume.java:44)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:150)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1505)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapInner.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:241)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.onNext(FluxMapFuseable.java:121)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1505)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapInner.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:241)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.onNext(FluxMapFuseable.java:121)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$ScalarSubscription.request(Operators.java:2070)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.request(FluxMapFuseable.java:162)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapInner.onSubscribe(MonoFlatMap.java:230)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapFuseable$MapFuseableSubscriber.onSubscribe(FluxMapFuseable.java:90)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoJust.subscribe(MonoJust.java:54)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoMapFuseable.subscribe(MonoMapFuseable.java:59)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:150)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1505)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:144)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1505)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoFlatMap$FlatMapInner.onNext(MonoFlatMap.java:241)
    reactor.core.publisher.Operators$MonoSubscriber.complete(Operators.java:1505)
    reactor.core.publisher.MonoSingle$SingleSubscriber.onComplete(MonoSingle.java:171)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.checkTerminated(FluxFlatMap.java:794)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.drainLoop(FluxFlatMap.java:560)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.drain(FluxFlatMap.java:540)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onComplete(FluxFlatMap.java:426)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.checkTerminated(FluxFlatMap.java:794)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.drainLoop(FluxFlatMap.java:560)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.drain(FluxFlatMap.java:540)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxFlatMap$FlatMapMain.onComplete(FluxFlatMap.java:426)
    reactor.core.publisher.DrainUtils.postCompleteDrain(DrainUtils.java:131)
    reactor.core.publisher.DrainUtils.postComplete(DrainUtils.java:186)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMapSignal$FluxMapSignalSubscriber.onComplete(FluxMapSignal.java:213)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMap$MapSubscriber.onComplete(FluxMap.java:136)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxPeek$PeekSubscriber.onComplete(FluxPeek.java:252)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxPeek$PeekSubscriber.onComplete(FluxPeek.java:252)
    reactor.core.publisher.FluxMap$MapSubscriber.onComplete(FluxMap.java:136)
    reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive.terminateReceiver(FluxReceive.java:372)
    reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive.drainReceiver(FluxReceive.java:196)
    reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive.onInboundComplete(FluxReceive.java:337)
    reactor.netty.channel.ChannelOperations.onInboundComplete(ChannelOperations.java:333)
    reactor.netty.channel.ChannelOperations.terminate(ChannelOperations.java:382)
    reactor.netty.http.client.HttpClientOperations.onInboundNext(HttpClientOperations.java:522)
    reactor.netty.channel.ChannelOperationsHandler.channelRead(ChannelOperationsHandler.java:141)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:359)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:345)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:337)
    io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler$DelegatingChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:438)
    io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:323)
    io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:297)
    io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.channelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:253)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:359)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:345)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:337)
    io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1408)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:359)
    io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:345)
    io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:930)
    io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollStreamChannel$EpollStreamUnsafe.epollInReady(AbstractEpollStreamChannel.java:796)
    io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.processReady(EpollEventLoop.java:427)
    io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.run(EpollEventLoop.java:328)
    io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:905)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

The scenario is a simple write to the body of a server response:

@Component
public class Handler {

    private WebClient webClient;

    public Handler(WebClient.Builder webClientBuilder) {
        String url = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance()
                .scheme("http")
                .host("127.0.0.1")
                .build()
                .toUriString();
        webClient = webClientBuilder
                .baseUrl(url)
                .clientConnector(new ReactorClientHttpConnector(HttpClient.create()))
                .build();
    }
    public Mono<ServerResponse> handle(ServerRequest serverRequest) {
        return query(serverRequest.path()).flatMap(jsonNode -> ServerResponse.ok().syncBody(jsonNode));
    }
    private Mono<JsonNode> query(String path) {
        return webClient.get()
                .uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder
                        .port(8080)
                        .path(path)
                        .build())
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(JsonNode.class)
                .flatMap(Mono::just);
    }
}

The use of WebClient is probably not key. The main point is that the client (JMeter tests) is set to timeout immediately at 1 ms which sets up a race between writing to the response and the client going away.

The full sample https://github.com/yinjianfei/webflux-leak-test.

Comment From: rstoyanchev

@yinjianfei this should be fixed now in master for 5.3.2 and also backported to 5.2.x and 5.1.x. Those are all expected to release tomorrow. Keep in mind there is also an issue identified in Reactor Core as part of this, see https://github.com/reactor/reactor-core/issues/2534.