Spring Cannot process AOT when spring-orm is on the classpath without JPA

If I create a basic Spring Boot project using https://start.spring.io/#!type=maven-project&language=java&platformVersion=3.2.2&packaging=jar&jvmVersion=17&groupId=com.example&artifactId=demo&name=demo&description=Demo%20project%20for%20Spring%20Boot&packageName=com.example.demo&dependencies=native and I add the spring-orm dependency

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>

then when I run ./mvnw spring-boot:process-aot I am going to get:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to instantiate factory class [org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.PersistenceManagedTypesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor] for factory type [org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationAotProcessor]
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FailureHandler.lambda$throwing$0(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:647)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FailureHandler.lambda$handleMessage$3(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:671)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.instantiateFactory(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:231)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:206)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:142)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.AotServices$Loader.load(AotServices.java:211)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionMethodGeneratorFactory.<init>(BeanDefinitionMethodGeneratorFactory.java:68)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionMethodGeneratorFactory.<init>(BeanDefinitionMethodGeneratorFactory.java:59)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotProcessor.processAheadOfTime(BeanRegistrationsAotProcessor.java:42)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotProcessor.processAheadOfTime(BeanRegistrationsAotProcessor.java:37)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.getContributions(BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.java:67)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.<init>(BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.java:49)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.<init>(BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.java:44)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.lambda$processAheadOfTime$0(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:58)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.withCglibClassHandler(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:67)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:53)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ContextAotProcessor.performAotProcessing(ContextAotProcessor.java:106)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ContextAotProcessor.doProcess(ContextAotProcessor.java:84)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ContextAotProcessor.doProcess(ContextAotProcessor.java:49)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.AbstractAotProcessor.process(AbstractAotProcessor.java:82)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationAotProcessor.main(SpringApplicationAotProcessor.java:80)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/persistence/PreUpdate
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.PersistenceManagedTypesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor.<clinit>(PersistenceManagedTypesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor.java:70)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe.ensureClassInitialized0(Native Method)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe.ensureClassInitialized(Unsafe.java:1160)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.MethodHandleAccessorFactory.ensureClassInitialized(MethodHandleAccessorFactory.java:300)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.MethodHandleAccessorFactory.newConstructorAccessor(MethodHandleAccessorFactory.java:103)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory.newConstructorAccessor(ReflectionFactory.java:200)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.acquireConstructorAccessor(Constructor.java:549)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:486)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FactoryInstantiator.instantiate(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:382)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.instantiateFactory(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:228)
        ... 18 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.persistence.PreUpdate
        at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
        at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)
        ... 29 more

Is it possible to move the PersistenceManagedTypesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor#CALLBACK_TYPES in the PersistenceManagedTypesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor.JpaManagedTypesBeanRegistrationCodeFragments. Those are anyways only used in the JpaManagedTypesBeanRegistrationCodeFragments and I believe if they are moved the exception will be gone.

Comment From: snicoll

@filiphr we're going to obviously fix that but can you share why you are running AOT (on an application) with only spring-orm on the classpath?

Comment From: filiphr

Thanks @snicoll. Sorry, I should have explained a bit more in the original issue. The example I shared is the minimal example where this is happening.

I noticed this while I was working on integrating the PR from @joshlong and @jbarrez for integrating Native Support in Flowable (https://github.com/flowable/flowable-engine/pull/3815). I am using https://github.com/spring-tips/flowable-processes as a test and moving that into the Flowable project. I wanted to remove the dependency to spring-boot-starter-data-jpa and I saw the stacktrace. It looks like our spring module is using spring-orm, I need to investigate whether we can remove that. Hope this clarifies how I found this issue.

Comment From: snicoll

I wasn't really asking how you found the issue but I was more curious why you'd be using AOT with such an environment. Running your tests in a native image is answering that question. Thanks!