Spring-ai OpenAiImageModel fails when Spring Boot uses the OkHttpClient implementation of RestClient

Bug description The OpenAiImageModel fails with a timeout error when Spring Boot provides an auto configured RestClient based on OkHttpClient. That happens whenever the okhttp3 dependency is in the classpath, which is the case when using Micrometer Tracing with OpenTelemetry Exporter (see: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/blob/main/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/client/ClientHttpRequestFactories.java#L100).

The error seems to be related to a different default timeout configuration used by okhttp3 compared to other implementations supported by RestClient (I tested Simple, JDK, and Apache). Having the possibility of configuring timeouts via Spring AI (see https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/issues/512) could help mitigating this problem.

Environment Spring AI: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT Java: 22

Expected behavior The outcome of the operations performed via the OpenAiImageModel should lead to the same results independently from which low-level HTTP client is used by RestClient under the hood, without requiring any customizations.

Minimal Complete Reproducible example This demo application shows the error. Follow the instructions in the README.md file to run the application and call the /image endpoint.

Error Stacktrace

org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException: I/O error on POST request for "https://api.openai.com/v1/images/generations": timeout
    at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultRestClient$DefaultRequestBodyUriSpec.createResourceAccessException(DefaultRestClient.java:575) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultRestClient$DefaultRequestBodyUriSpec.exchangeInternal(DefaultRestClient.java:498) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultRestClient$DefaultRequestBodyUriSpec.retrieve(DefaultRestClient.java:460) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.ai.openai.api.OpenAiImageApi.createImage(OpenAiImageApi.java:144) ~[spring-ai-openai-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT]
    at org.springframework.ai.openai.OpenAiImageModel.lambda$call$0(OpenAiImageModel.java:113) ~[spring-ai-openai-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT]
    at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.doExecute(RetryTemplate.java:344) ~[spring-retry-2.0.6.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate.execute(RetryTemplate.java:217) ~[spring-retry-2.0.6.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.ai.openai.OpenAiImageModel.call(OpenAiImageModel.java:94) ~[spring-ai-openai-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT]
    at com.thomasvitale.ImageController.image(ImageController.java:22) ~[main/:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:255) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:188) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:118) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:926) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:831) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1089) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:527) ~[jakarta.servlet-api-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) ~[spring-webmvc-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:614) ~[jakarta.servlet-api-6.0.0.jar:6.0.0]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:195) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) ~[tomcat-embed-websocket-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.ServerHttpObservationFilter.doFilterInternal(ServerHttpObservationFilter.java:107) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:164) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:140) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:344) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:389) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:904) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1741) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63) ~[tomcat-embed-core-10.1.25.jar:10.1.25]
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1570) ~[na:na]
Caused by: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: timeout
    at okhttp3.internal.http2.Http2Stream$StreamTimeout.newTimeoutException(Http2Stream.kt:675) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http2.Http2Stream$StreamTimeout.exitAndThrowIfTimedOut(Http2Stream.kt:684) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http2.Http2Stream.takeHeaders(Http2Stream.kt:143) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http2.Http2ExchangeCodec.readResponseHeaders(Http2ExchangeCodec.kt:97) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.connection.Exchange.readResponseHeaders(Exchange.kt:110) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.CallServerInterceptor.intercept(CallServerInterceptor.kt:93) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain.proceed(RealInterceptorChain.kt:109) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.connection.ConnectInterceptor.intercept(ConnectInterceptor.kt:34) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain.proceed(RealInterceptorChain.kt:109) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.cache.CacheInterceptor.intercept(CacheInterceptor.kt:95) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain.proceed(RealInterceptorChain.kt:109) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.BridgeInterceptor.intercept(BridgeInterceptor.kt:83) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain.proceed(RealInterceptorChain.kt:109) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor.intercept(RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor.kt:76) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.http.RealInterceptorChain.proceed(RealInterceptorChain.kt:109) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.connection.RealCall.getResponseWithInterceptorChain$okhttp(RealCall.kt:201) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at okhttp3.internal.connection.RealCall.execute(RealCall.kt:154) ~[okhttp-4.12.0.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.http.client.OkHttp3ClientHttpRequest.executeInternal(OkHttp3ClientHttpRequest.java:95) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.http.client.AbstractStreamingClientHttpRequest.executeInternal(AbstractStreamingClientHttpRequest.java:70) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.http.client.AbstractClientHttpRequest.execute(AbstractClientHttpRequest.java:66) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultRestClient$DefaultRequestBodyUriSpec.exchangeInternal(DefaultRestClient.java:492) ~[spring-web-6.1.10.jar:6.1.10]
    ... 59 common frames omitted

Comment From: csterwa

@ThomasVitale is this still an issue in more recent versions of Spring AI?

Comment From: ThomasVitale

It's still an issue

Comment From: markpollack

Related to #1416

Comment From: ilayaperumalg

Hi @ThomasVitale, I am trying to reproduce the error from the latest snapshot, I hit the org.springframework.ai.retry.NonTransientAiException: 400. Could you check your demo sample?

Comment From: ThomasVitale

@ilayaperumalg thanks for looking into this! I have update the example now.

We have a separate issue for having more customisation possibilities for the HTTP clients used in Spring AI: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/issues/512

After some further thought, this issue might actually be something to fix in Spring Boot rather in Spring AI, so I wonder if we should close this. When Spring Boot auto configures a RestClient.Builder using one of the supported libraries, I would expect the timeouts to be the same no matter the implementation. But for OkHttpClient is different than all the other implementations. And I don't know how much we can do in Spring AI without addressing https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-ai/issues/512 first.

What do you think?

Comment From: ilayaperumalg

@ThomasVitale Thanks for fixing the sample. I could replicate the issue and agree that the configuration support for the timeout should come from Spring Boot. Closing this issue here and we can continue the related discussion at #512.