Hi all,

I am running Redis in a Kubernetes environment and see incredibly high memory fragmentation percentages. I’m interested in tuning the jemalloc narenas option but unsure of how to do this for Redis. It doesn’t seem to respect the MALLOC_CONF env var.

curious if others have experience tuning the allocator and whether this specific option has helped address fragmentation as it has in other systems (eg JVM-based applications)

Comment From: oranagra

why do you think narenas will make a difference? please share some metrics from your redis and we can figure out what the problem is. and maybe enabling activedefrag will help. please run: INFO MEMORY MEMORY MALLOC-STATS

Comment From: lyveng

@oranagra We are seeing a similar issue with redis 5.0.14 which uses jemalloc 5.1.0. We had migrated the application from VMs to k8s. The redis container memory limit was 100G while the maxmemory was configured to be 70G. Over time(about a week) the memory_fragmentation_ratio keeps increasing in k8s and it touches ~1.28 when the redis process gets OOM Killed. Upon debugging, we noticed that the opt.narenas in the output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS was 384 in k8s while it was 64 in VM. The jemalloc docs describes high value of narenas as a potential reason for higher memory fragmentation. Quoting it here

By default jemalloc uses multiple arenas to reduce internal lock contention. However high arena count may also increase overall memory fragmentation, since arenas manage memory independently. When high degree of parallelism is not expected at the allocator level, lower number of arenas often improves memory usage.

While going through the code of jemalloc, I noticed that the value of opt.narenas is initialized as the number of cpus multiplied by 4(ref). The number of cpus is calculated in malloc_ncpus function as the number of online processors(ref) unless JEMALLOC_GLIBC_MALLOC_HOOK is defined.

In case of VM, it was a 16 core vm. While in k8s, the underlying node was 96 core. This explained why the value of opt.narenas in the output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS on the VM is 64 while the same is 384. Upon going through the code of jemalloc, I noticed the relevant change was there in this commit done as part of PR jemalloc/jemalloc#1676. The older version of jemalloc seems to initialise the number of cpus as the number of online processors, while this commit changes that to derive the number of cpus from the cpu affinity of the redis process.

For now, I've just rebuilt redis 5.0.14(which internally builds jemalloc) by explicitly setting narenas to 4 in this line

config_malloc_conf="narenas:4"

I'll try deploying this build and validate whether the memory_fragmentation_ratio has reduced now. But the ideal thing would be to use a more recent version of redis.

Comment From: oranagra

it's true that if you allocate from just one arena, you'll get lower fragmentation compared to allocating from multiple arenas, and true the jemalloc created multiple arenas when there are many processors, but the default is to allocate from the same arena on each thread, and thus the first thread only allocates from the first arena. since redis is mostly single threaded, the other arenas are suppose to be completely idle, and will not cause fragmentation. (that is, unless you're using some fancy module). please have a look at your MEMORY MALLOC-STATS and see if that's wrong.

Comment From: lyveng

@oranagra Thanks for pointing out. The output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS shows the details of only one arena and there is only 1 thread assigned to that arena. I'll dig into why the memory fragmentation ratio is different for the same application deployed on vm vs k8s.

Comment From: lyveng

The issue got resolved once we upgraded redis to 7.2.4. Now the memory fragmentation ratio is under 1.07 for all nodes even after 20 days. It usually used to breach the memory limit within 10 days and get OOMKilled with redis 5.0.14. We didn't spend time debugging why the memory fragmentation ratio was spiking in redis 5.0.14 though.

Comment From: lyveng

@oranagra I was curious about why the memory fragmentation was increasing in 5.0.14. Here is the output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS on redis 5.0.14.

___ Begin jemalloc statistics ___
Version: "5.1.0-0-g0"
Build-time option settings
  config.cache_oblivious: true
  config.debug: false
  config.fill: true
  config.lazy_lock: false
  config.malloc_conf: ""
  config.prof: false
  config.prof_libgcc: false
  config.prof_libunwind: false
  config.stats: true
  config.utrace: false
  config.xmalloc: false
Run-time option settings
  opt.abort: false
  opt.abort_conf: false
  opt.retain: true
  opt.dss: "secondary"
  opt.narenas: 384
  opt.percpu_arena: "disabled"
  opt.metadata_thp: "disabled"
  opt.background_thread: false (background_thread: false)
  opt.dirty_decay_ms: 10000 (arenas.dirty_decay_ms: 10000)
  opt.muzzy_decay_ms: 10000 (arenas.muzzy_decay_ms: 10000)
  opt.junk: "false"
  opt.zero: false
  opt.tcache: true
  opt.lg_tcache_max: 15
  opt.thp: "default"
  opt.stats_print: false
  opt.stats_print_opts: ""
Arenas: 384
Quantum size: 8
Page size: 4096
Maximum thread-cached size class: 32768
Number of bin size classes: 39
Number of thread-cache bin size classes: 44
Number of large size classes: 196
Allocated: 75160124736, active: 78794145792, metadata: 1134788568 (n_thp 0), resident: 79934369792, mapped: 80007569408, retained: 31126806528
Background threads: 0, num_runs: 0, run_interval: 0 ns
                           n_lock_ops       n_waiting      n_spin_acq  n_owner_switch   total_wait_ns     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
background_thread            24059595               0               0               1               0               0           0
ctl                          48145684               0               0               1               0               0           0
prof                                0               0               0               0               0               0           0
arenas[0]:
assigned threads: 1
uptime: 1203963185353285
dss allocation precedence: "secondary"
decaying:  time       npages       sweeps     madvises       purged
   dirty: 10000         1291       951936     12820353    138350529
   muzzy: 10000           43       894721     11496114     96109794
                            allocated     nmalloc     ndalloc   nrequests
small:                    74262240576  2024728454  1855032042 45857623461
large:                      897884160    54081490    54067932    54081490
total:                    75160124736  2078809944  1909099974 45911704951

active:                   78794145792
mapped:                   80007569408
retained:                 31126806528
base:                      1134755792
internal:                       32776
metadata_thp:                       0
tcache_bytes:                  178544
resident:                 79934369792
                           n_lock_ops       n_waiting      n_spin_acq  n_owner_switch   total_wait_ns     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
large                        20815897               0               0               1               0               0           0
extent_avail                 72402503               0               0               3               0               0           0
extents_dirty               220262109               0               0               3               0               0           0
extents_muzzy                50956746               0               0               3               0               0           0
extents_retained             49800611               0               0               3               0               0           0
decay_dirty                  15153198               0               0               1               0               0           0
decay_muzzy                  15095983               0               0               1               0               0           0
base                         31361030               0               0               3               0               0           0
tcache_list                  12029796               0               0               1               0               0           0
bins:           size ind    allocated      nmalloc      ndalloc    nrequests      curregs     curslabs regs pgs   util       nfills     nflushes       nslabs     nreslabs      n_lock_ops       n_waiting      n_spin_acq  n_owner_switch   total_wait_ns     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
                   8   0       757144     19651593     19556950     27046735        94643          185  512   1  0.999      6026876      4389277          194      1922127        22446152               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  16   1    677825552    426245351    383881254   3647237036     42364097       181209  256   1  0.913     24400271      6995219       188349    331397863        43620774               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  24   2   1024452216    431707257    389021748  14077310298     42685509        91118  512   3  0.914     24456554      7043040        94857    332773553        43627985               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  32   3       197024      6736879      6730722   3554630150         6157          140  128   1  0.343      4184922      3778690         1384      4954102        19996035               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  40   4    761165480    197041266    178012129    453101270     19029137        38452  512   5  0.966     14367651      5749385        42885    178058207        32194149               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  48   5   1077313872    273660604    251216565    542982270     22444039       109462  256   3  0.800     16604963      6309899       121018    190246062        35077231               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  56   6     37464728     27659617     26990604  11557265244       669013         1558  512   7  0.838     11605292      5163307         2884     23777050        28802604               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  64   7      2501952     22450248     22411155   8401149452        39093          746   64   1  0.818     14796791      5049946         3035     19142071        31881856               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  80   8      1910720      5957817      5933933    347845174        23884          496  256   5  0.188      3527965      3517888         1336      3985351        19077824               0               0               1               0               0           0
                  96   9        55968      3046740      3046157     61404181          583           27  128   3  0.168      2391637      2265209          164      1030470        16686942               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 112  10         2352      4552763      4552742    220489479           21            1  256   7  0.082      3089941      2987129            2            0        18106868               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 128  11          896      3764241      3764234    132521561            7            1   32   1  0.218      2799338      2772728         1968       207532        17605796               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 160  12         1280      3716712      3716704     90689300            8            1  128   5  0.062      2765360      2736441         3584        32169        17538763               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 192  13          576      2251826      2251823     34064079            3            1   64   3  0.046      1659236      1716157        13595         6701        15432377               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 224  14          224      2546995      2546994     15165532            1            1  128   7  0.007      1970013      1993875       285658            0        16564998               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 256  15            0      1273996      1273996      4896926            0            0   16   1      1      1250849      1249856       868662            1        16267824               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 320  16   2541207680    140161060    132219786    237990372      7941274       214367   64   5  0.578     11945622      6132768       260145     78011906        30414108               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 384  17    110415360      9973661      9686121     13827109       287540        11089   32   3  0.810      3604192      4077175        30767      7558947        19761607               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 448  18    332795904     15901929     15159081     45531711       742848        12298   64   7  0.943      4565188      4523248        25776     13106541        21157485               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 512  19    710684160     25048767     23660712     54567056      1388055       173548    8   1  0.999      6485382      5401911       376917     20079447        24497374               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 640  20     53843200      3787998      3703868      3815547        84130         2657   32   5  0.989      2086207      2488400         9273      3284211        16620291               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 768  21    837496320     19325655     18235165     73235938      1090490        69811   16   3  0.976      5037220      4785908        94073     19677532        21971258               0               0               1               0               0           0
                 896  22   3534926080     51663757     47718527    272692029      3945230       127436   32   7  0.967      7903752      5424347       148880     50240272        25528218               0               0               1               0               0           0
                1024  23   2008666112     25422214     23460626    135340620      1961588       490414    4   1  0.999      6696415      5341296       610282     25679267        24797656               0               0               1               0               0           0
                1280  24   6121985280     50085842     45303041    355064231      4782801       303120   16   5  0.986      9365824      5977340       321788     44226761        27713415               0               0               1               0               0           0
                1536  25   7838636544     49989084     44885805    403433906      5103279       644895    8   3  0.989     10820795      6913810       671043     46389506        30461591               0               0               1               0               0           0
                1792  26   1953880320     17760102     16669767     88951693      1090335        71243   16   7  0.956      4879109      4691599        90613     18429759        21710486               0               0               1               0               0           0
                2048  27   1543837696     13309516     12555689     60844604       753827       377094    2   1  0.999      4363869      4411330       911597     13634593        22251094               0               0               1               0               0           0
                2560  28  10922954240     51852793     47586014    256353369      4266779       534241    8   5  0.998     10634651      7113463       668030     42132675        30579728               0               0               1               0               0           0
                3072  29  13934662656     48403558     43867535    311146221      4536023      1134060    4   3  0.999     10350432      6786811      1209784     46775289        30452546               0               0               1               0               0           0
                3584  30   9138393600     29892511     27342736    199832200      2549775       342047    8   7  0.931      7386254      5656479       376885     27865015        25484251               0               0               1               0               0           0
                4096  31   3887562752     14003839     13054727     86302701       949112       949112    1   1      1      4659880      4485137     14003839            0        48233378               0               0               1               0               0           0
                5120  32   3058544640      9968436      9371064     54603247       597372       154882    4   5  0.964      3934752      3985028       267809     10004375        20330311               0               0               1               0               0           0
                6144  33    651055104      4255547      4149581     12461627       105966        53699    2   3  0.986      2838141      3192292       226334      4003515        18459197               0               0               1               0               0           0
                7168  34    384735232      3236884      3183210      7226830        53674        13442    4   7  0.998      2469579      2685221        60293      3063864        17291739               0               0               1               0               0           0
                8192  35    318324736      2724462      2685604      5647294        38858        38858    1   2      1      2220583      2358873      2724462            0        22019317               0               0               1               0               0           0
               10240  36    481136640      2901558      2854572      7206881        46986        23548    2   5  0.997      2391922      2541369       120095      2738669        17179728               0               0               1               0               0           0
               12288  37    210960384      1813798      1796630      2710749        17168        17168    1   3      1      1555140      1611284      1813798            0        18806647               0               0               1               0               0           0
               14336  38    101885952       981578       974471      1038839         7107         3561    2   7  0.997       781889       815454        41535       920681        13706647               0               0               1               0               0           0
large:          size ind    allocated      nmalloc      ndalloc    nrequests  curlextents
               16384  39     79626240       479755       474895       581989         4860
               20480  40     94187520      8450414      8445815    942463333         4599
               24576  41     37699584      1893369      1891835      3047674         1534
               28672  42     16830464      1439052      1438465      1999548          587
               32768  43     11010048      1147960      1147624      1471082          336
               40960  44     16343040     27502154     27501755     27502154          399
               49152  45     13516800      2130032      2129757      2130032          275
               57344  46     15253504       960635       960369       960635          266
               65536  47      5570560       911346       911261       911346           85
               81920  48     25804800      1758874      1758559      1758874          315
               98304  49     10616832      2932593      2932485      2932593          108
              114688  50      6766592       980747       980688       980747           59
              131072  51      4718592       524015       523979       524015           36
              163840  52      7536640      1242625      1242579      1242625           46
              196608  53      3145728       589062       589046       589062           16
              229376  54      3211264       380956       380942       380956           14
              262144  55      2097152       325394       325386       325394            8
              327680  56      1638400        63286        63281        63286            5
              393216  57       393216        42490        42489        42490            1
              458752  58       458752        31248        31247        31248            1
              524288  59      2097152        89739        89735        89739            4
              655360  60       655360        18669        18668        18669            1
              786432  61       786432       180963       180962       180963            1
              917504  62            0          460          460          460            0
             1048576  63      1048576         2667         2666         2667            1
             1310720  64            0         1993         1993         1993            0
             1572864  65            0          938          938          938            0
                     ---
             2097152  67            0            1            1            1            0
             2621440  68            0           51           51           51            0
                     ---
           268435456  95            0            1            1            1            0
                     ---
           536870912  99    536870912            1            0            1            1
                     ---
--- End jemalloc statistics ---

I noticed that you mentioned that the Retained value being high is due to THP being enabled here. In our case as well we have THP enabled and the Retained is ~28G which is close to the mem_fragmentation_bytes. We have not set the config disable-thp in redis. Is there some indicator in the output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS that indicate that thp is the problem that is causing the fragmentation? If so, is there anything that can explain why the fragmentation issue got fixed when we upgraded to redis 7.2.4. One thing I noticed is that config.cache_oblivious is set to true in 5.0.14 while it is set to false in 7.2.4. This is done as part of PR #12315 .

There is no need to debug this. It is just that curiosity is killing me.

Comment From: sundb

@lyveng could you also provide the output of MEMORY MALLOC-STATS in 7.2.4? at the same time i saw most of fragmentation is in size class 320(~1G).

Comment From: lyveng

Here is the output from 7.2.4 redis container which is running for ~21 days

Defaulted container "redis" out of: redis, zulu-service, mtl-sidecar, cfgsvc-dns-proxy
I have no name!@zulu-service-hyd-prod-vb4-7f5c6d6f86-sgjzz:/data$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> MEMORY MALLOC-STATS
___ Begin jemalloc statistics ___
Version: "5.3.0-0-g0"
Build-time option settings
  config.cache_oblivious: false
  config.debug: false
  config.fill: true
  config.lazy_lock: false
  config.malloc_conf: ""
  config.opt_safety_checks: false
  config.prof: false
  config.prof_libgcc: false
  config.prof_libunwind: false
  config.stats: true
  config.utrace: false
  config.xmalloc: false
Run-time option settings
  opt.abort: false
  opt.abort_conf: false
  opt.cache_oblivious: false
  opt.confirm_conf: false
  opt.retain: true
  opt.dss: "secondary"
  opt.narenas: 1
  opt.percpu_arena: "disabled"
  opt.oversize_threshold: 8388608
  opt.hpa: false
  opt.hpa_slab_max_alloc: 65536
  opt.hpa_hugification_threshold: 1992294
  opt.hpa_hugify_delay_ms: 10000
  opt.hpa_min_purge_interval_ms: 5000
  opt.hpa_dirty_mult: "0.25"
  opt.hpa_sec_nshards: 4
  opt.hpa_sec_max_alloc: 32768
  opt.hpa_sec_max_bytes: 262144
  opt.hpa_sec_bytes_after_flush: 131072
  opt.hpa_sec_batch_fill_extra: 0
  opt.metadata_thp: "disabled"
  opt.mutex_max_spin: 600
  opt.background_thread: false (background_thread: true)
  opt.dirty_decay_ms: 10000 (arenas.dirty_decay_ms: 10000)
  opt.muzzy_decay_ms: 0 (arenas.muzzy_decay_ms: 0)
  opt.lg_extent_max_active_fit: 6
  opt.junk: "false"
  opt.zero: false
  opt.tcache: true
  opt.tcache_max: 32768
  opt.tcache_nslots_small_min: 20
  opt.tcache_nslots_small_max: 200
  opt.tcache_nslots_large: 20
  opt.lg_tcache_nslots_mul: 1
  opt.tcache_gc_incr_bytes: 65536
  opt.tcache_gc_delay_bytes: 0
  opt.lg_tcache_flush_small_div: 1
  opt.lg_tcache_flush_large_div: 1
  opt.thp: "default"
  opt.stats_print: false
  opt.stats_print_opts: ""
  opt.stats_print: false
  opt.stats_print_opts: ""
  opt.stats_interval: -1
  opt.stats_interval_opts: ""
  opt.zero_realloc: "free"
Arenas: 2
Quantum size: 8
Page size: 4096
Maximum thread-cached size class: 32768
Number of bin size classes: 39
Number of thread-cache bin size classes: 44
Number of large size classes: 196
Allocated: 75162186624, active: 77501292544, metadata: 1064106080 (n_thp 0), resident: 78567763968, mapped: 78713835520, retained: 17779273728
Count of realloc(non-null-ptr, 0) calls: 0
Background threads: 1, num_runs: 196544, run_interval: 9899234542 ns
                           n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
background_thread            38727764      19               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
max_per_bg_thd               21145133      10               0       0               0       0               3       0               0         0               0           0
ctl                          77473615      39               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
prof                                0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
prof_thds_data                      0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
prof_dump                           0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
prof_recent_alloc                   0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
prof_recent_dump                    0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
prof_stats                          0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
Merged arenas stats:
assigned threads: 2
uptime: 1945734017456208
dss allocation precedence: "N/A"
decaying:  time       npages       sweeps     madvises       purged
   dirty:   N/A          607       192661      9379296     55909212
   muzzy:   N/A            0            0            0            0
                            allocated         nmalloc   (#/sec)         ndalloc   (#/sec)       nrequests   (#/sec)           nfill   (#/sec)          nflush   (#/sec)
small:                    74245817216      1661799210       854      1485679625       763     46140933538     23713       445707602       229       273172957       140
large:                      916369408        42480472        21        42466070        21      1331169672       684        42480472        21        14733811         7
total:                    75162186624      1704279682       875      1528145695       785     47472103210     24398       488188074       250       287906768       147

active:                   77501292544
mapped:                   78713835520
retained:                 17779273728
base:                      1063975008
internal:                      131072
metadata_thp:                       0
tcache_bytes:                  163008
tcache_stashed_bytes:               0
resident:                 78567763968
abandoned_vm:                       0
extent_avail:                   39624
                           n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
large                        38727761      19               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
extent_avail                104838589      53               0       0               0       0          382754       0               0         0               0           0
extents_dirty               190799546      98              16       0               0       0          385326       0               0         0               0           1
extents_muzzy                43081659      22               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
extents_retained             58775889      30               1       0               0       0          385324       0               0         0               0           1
decay_dirty                  43180189      22               0       0               0       0          392222       0               0         0               0           0
decay_muzzy                  38924305      20               0       0               0       0          392200       0               0         0               0           0
base                         84437910      43               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
tcache_list                  38727763      19               0       0               0       0               4       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard                           0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard_grow                      0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_sec                             0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
bins:           size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests   (#/sec)  nshards      curregs     curslabs  nonfull_slabs regs pgs   util       nfills (#/sec)     nflushes (#/sec)       nslabs     nreslabs (#/sec)      n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
                   8   0         5968      8004467       4      8003721       4      6831505         3        1          746            2              0  512   1  0.728      2260498       1      2084667       1            2       105498       0        43072928      22               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  16   1    704653296    310663384     159    266622553     137   4587981766      2357        1     44040831       177793          22944  256   1  0.967     47999067      24     12400148       6       190222    212177452     109        99317198      51               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  24   2   1061954064    311515107     160    267267021     137  10207508943      5246        1     44248086        89195           9899  512   3  0.968     47629668      24     12399418       6        95312    212004987     108        98852159      50               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  32   3       179776      1570031       0      1564413       0   4581096974      2354        1         5618           58             37  128   1  0.756       888995       0       895423       0          804       658355       0        40512983      20               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  40   4    797116720    144153970      74    124226052      63    416415671       214        1     19927918        39437            576  512   5  0.986     26656163      13     12137641       6        45714    104000144      53        77567279      39               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  48   5   1116796848    209997671     107    186731070      95    527494267       271        1     23266601        99508          33900  256   3  0.913     32894033      16     12366418       6       117940    110619489      56        84106152      43               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  56   6     33528656     50520573      25     49921847      25  12660342748      6506        1       598726         1323            365  512   7  0.883     29165287      14     11354514       5         2396     49726595      25        79249958      40               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  64   7        26688     49005203      25     49004786      25   8829489031      4537        1          417           76             75   64   1  0.085     33169982      17     11125958       5         2485     34938894      17        83026186      42               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  80   8       280880      1312021       0      1308510       0    368445388       189        1         3511           20             16  256   5  0.685       856192       0      1094115       0          469       922880       0        40678537      20               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                  96   9         1632      1560626       0      1560609       0     61411941        31        1           17            1              0  128   3  0.132      1559234       0      1559793       0            1            0       0        41846789      21               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 112  10       605360        41868       0        36463       0    236051428       121        1         5405           22              2  256   7  0.959        19707       0        25165       0           69         8518       0        38772702      19               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 128  11        28800        68877       0        68652       0    142144650        73        1          225            8              1   32   1  0.878        68576       0        68626       0            9            2       0        38864972      19               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 160  12         1760       426125       0       426114       0     92230017        47        1           11            1              0  128   5  0.085       424551       0       425204       0            1            0       0        39577517      20               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 192  13      1158528      3420523       1      3414489       1     37453508        19        1         6034           95              4   64   3  0.992      3366653       1      3393725       1          354       149252       0        45488493      23               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 224  14          672      5387839       2      5387836       2     15330206         7        1            3            1              0  128   7  0.023      5387318       2      5387355       2            1            0       0        49502435      25               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 256  15          768      1567446       0      1567443       0      6438643         3        1            3            1              0   16   1  0.187      1567210       0      1567211       0            1            0       0        41862183      21               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 320  16   2932885120    122558511      62    113393245      58    262417167       134        1      9165266       174188          82494   64   5  0.822     27957918      14     12427861       6       226100     55643710      28        79339640      40               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 384  17    157544832     12714535       6     12304262       6     21011263        10        1       410273        14478           1919   32   3  0.885      6643276       3      7615139       3        37497     10421123       5        53023673      27               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 448  18    334952128     16881996       8     16134335       8     58834235        30        1       747661        13326           2096   64   7  0.876      8124467       4      8920823       4        28987     13795848       7        55802038      28               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 512  19    644537856     24863932      12     23605069      12     59523909        30        1      1258863       161793          14032    8   1  0.972     10350240       5     10131701       5       297564     21628407      11        59507266      30               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 640  20     55880960      4849288       2      4761974       2      5055650         2        1        87314         2781            272   32   5  0.981      3152914       1      3688830       1         8585      4408393       2        45578090      23               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 768  21    906280704     19483641      10     18303588       9     88449678        45        1      1180053        73761            119   16   3  0.999      8563901       4      9123330       4       110805     17879647       9        56525797      29               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                 896  22   3849479424     44503874      22     40207580      20    344843798       177        1      4296294       134261             56   32   7  0.999     13552692       6     10848640       5       168742     39058538      20        63297835      32               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                1024  23   2113713152     27406098      14     25341925      13    179936439        92        1      2064173       517276           4383    4   1  0.997     10561644       5     10214122       5       652728     26047444      13        60156255      30               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                1280  24   6931825920     48570147      24     43154658      22    480623087       247        1      5415489       339416           3639   16   5  0.997     15742404       8     11169697       5       385242     42974926      22        66025104      33               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                1536  25   7826273280     43626622      22     38531392      19    526161142       270        1      5095230       657443          31002    8   3  0.968     15480326       7     11119031       5       702340     39276159      20        66029458      33               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                1792  26   1914271744     16338257       8     15270025       7    111577299        57        1      1068232        66885            204   16   7  0.998      7674019       3      8373049       4        92645     15348441       7        54867474      28               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                2048  27   1466439680     15593205       8     14877170       7     79758443        40        1       716035       358046             57    2   1  0.999      7306059       3      8650424       4       728370     15135826       7        55412614      28               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                2560  28   9336739840     40412623      20     36765459      18    273909332       140        1      3647164       481626          66305    8   5  0.946     14114835       7     11065483       5       606397     35154397      18        64514476      33               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                3072  29  13573023744     40522389      20     36104087      18    366286187       188        1      4418302      1118139          44496    4   3  0.987     14100916       7     10896397       5      1269726     37701517      19        64994800      33               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                3584  30   9460745728     29128669      14     26488952      13    258149966       132        1      2639717       342211          36821    8   7  0.964     11254479       5     10130453       5       402810     26792847      13        60515503      31               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                4096  31   3990835200     15036503       7     14062178       7    119389306        61        1       974325       974325              0    1   1      1      7416606       3      8203721       4     15036503            0       0        69384591      35               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                5120  32   2852070400     10609582       5     10052537       5     72681356        37        1       557045       144743           8711    4   5  0.962      6232182       3      7121307       3       245123     10087039       5        52326373      26               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                6144  33    664098816      6794359       3      6686270       3     16682314         8        1       108089        54084             79    2   3  0.999      5425657       2      5817654       2       139774      6624093       3        50110846      25               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                7168  34    382606336      5037268       2      4983891       2      9664119         4        1        53377        13347             10    4   7  0.999      4261933       2      4450780       2        39037      4913525       2        47479511      24               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
                8192  35    328687616      6394408       3      6354285       3      9854348         5        1        40123        40123              0    1   2      1      4349745       2      5059899       2      6394408            0       0        54531813      28               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
               10240  36    486768640      5706068       2      5658532       2     11881243         6        1        47536        23777             18    2   5  0.999      4754660       2      4949184       2       105079      5369617       2        48536684      24               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
               12288  37    220495872      3834028       1      3816084       1      5571560         2        1        17944        17944              0    1   3      1      3273397       1      3367774       1      3834028            0       0        49202960      25               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
               14336  38     99319808      1717476       0      1710548       0      2005011         1        1         6928         3478             28    2   7  0.995      1500198       0      1542277       0        30362      1446903       0        41800598      21               0       0               0       0               2       0               0         0               0           0
large:          size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests (#/sec)  curlextents
               16384  39     92389376      2627997       1      2622358       1      3533044       1         5639
               20480  40     96337920     20188578      10     20183874      10   1307559996     672         4704
               24576  41     34996224      1542737       0      1541313       0      1758883       0         1424
               28672  42     19468288      1265090       0      1264411       0      1406694       0          679
               32768  43     10452992       758762       0       758443       0       813747       0          319
               40960  44     14254080      1281480       0      1281132       0      1281480       0          348
               49152  45     13762560      1311543       0      1311263       0      1311543       0          280
               57344  46     13475840      5475054       2      5474819       2      5475054       2          235
               65536  47      7798784      1674889       0      1674770       0      1674889       0          119
               81920  48     27033600      2212723       1      2212393       1      2212723       1          330
               98304  49     10321920      1040247       0      1040142       0      1040247       0          105
              114688  50      5160960       651640       0       651595       0       651640       0           45
              131072  51      6422528       512633       0       512584       0       512633       0           49
              163840  52      8847360       748652       0       748598       0       748652       0           54
              196608  53      5505024       454533       0       454505       0       454533       0           28
              229376  54      4358144       246085       0       246066       0       246085       0           19
              262144  55      1310720       123118       0       123113       0       123118       0            5
              327680  56      3604480       205672       0       205661       0       205672       0           11
              393216  57      1966080        60804       0        60799       0        60804       0            5
              458752  58       458752         2339       0         2338       0         2339       0            1
                     ---
              655360  60       655360        73819       0        73818       0        73819       0            1
              786432  61            0         5221       0         5221       0         5221       0            0
              917504  62       917504        16854       0        16853       0        16854       0            1
                     ---
           268435456  95            0            1       0            1       0            1       0            0
                     ---
           536870912  99    536870912            1       0            0       0            1       0            1
                     ---
extents:        size ind       ndirty        dirty       nmuzzy        muzzy    nretained     retained       ntotal        total
                4096   0           34       139264            0            0       382433   1566445568       382467   1566584832
                8192   1            8        65536            0            0       198024   1622212608       198032   1622278144
               12288   2            6        73728            0            0       100389   1233580032       100395   1233653760
               16384   3            4        65536            0            0        66423   1088274432        66427   1088339968
               20480   4           10       204800            0            0         9371    191918080         9381    192122880
               24576   5            0            0            0            0         4765    117104640         4765    117104640
               28672   6            0            0            0            0         4574    131145728         4574    131145728
               32768   7            6       200704            0            0         7511    261169152         7517    261369856
               40960   8            2        81920            0            0         8402    357789696         8404    357871616
               49152   9            3       147456            0            0         5415    276668416         5418    276815872
               57344  10            0            0            0            0         1885    111996928         1885    111996928
               65536  11            0            0            0            0         2186    156086272         2186    156086272
               81920  12           10       819200            0            0          291     25346048          301     26165248
               98304  13            1        98304            0            0          234     24383488          235     24481792
              114688  14            0            0            0            0          200     24137728          200     24137728
              131072  15            0            0            0            0          326     46899200          326     46899200
              163840  16            1       163840            0            0          206     36245504          207     36409344
              196608  17            1       196608            0            0          126     26578944          127     26775552
              229376  18            1       229376            0            0           71     17244160           72     17473536
              262144  19            0            0            0            0          137     39718912          137     39718912
              327680  20            0            0            0            0           58     20738048           58     20738048
              393216  21            0            0            0            0           32     13492224           32     13492224
              458752  22            0            0            0            0           29     14155776           29     14155776
              524288  23            0            0            0            0           48     27873280           48     27873280
              655360  24            0            0            0            0            9      6406144            9      6406144
              786432  25            0            0            0            0            7      5959680            7      5959680
                     ---
             1048576  27            0            0            0            0            3      3551232            3      3551232
             1310720  28            0            0            0            0            2      2842624            2      2842624
             1572864  29            0            0            0            0            1      1830912            1      1830912
                     ---
             2097152  31            0            0            0            0            2      4767744            2      4767744
             2621440  32            0            0            0            0            3      8437760            3      8437760
             3145728  33            0            0            0            0            1      3665920            1      3665920
                     ---
             4194304  35            0            0            0            0            3     13004800            3     13004800
                     ---
             6291456  37            0            0            0            0            1      7094272            1      7094272
             7340032  38            0            0            0            0            1      7753728            1      7753728
                     ---
           268435456  59            0            0            0            0            1    268435456            1    268435456
                     ---
          8589934592  79            0            0            0            0            1  10014318592            1  10014318592
                     ---
Bytes in small extent cache: 0
HPA shard stats:
  Purge passes: 0 (0 / sec)
  Purges: 0 (0 / sec)
  Hugeifies: 0 (0 / sec)
  Dehugifies: 0 (0 / sec)

  In full slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
  In empty slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge

                size ind npageslabs_huge    nactive_huge     ndirty_huge  npageslabs_nonhuge     nactive_nonhuge      ndirty_nonhuge   nretained_nonhuge
                     ---
arenas[0]:
assigned threads: 2
uptime: 1945734017456208
dss allocation precedence: "secondary"
decaying:  time       npages       sweeps     madvises       purged
   dirty: 10000          607       192661      9379295     55843676
   muzzy:     0            0            0            0            0
                            allocated         nmalloc   (#/sec)         ndalloc   (#/sec)       nrequests   (#/sec)           nfill   (#/sec)          nflush   (#/sec)
small:                    74245817216      1661799210       854      1485679625       763     46140933538     23713       445707602       229       273172957       140
large:                      379498496        42480470        21        42466069        21      1331169670       684        42480470        21        14733811         7
total:                    74625315712      1704279680       875      1528145694       785     47472103208     24398       488188072       250       287906768       147

active:                   76964421632
mapped:                   78174867456
retained:                 17510838272
base:                      1063882896
internal:                      131072
metadata_thp:                       0
tcache_bytes:                  163008
tcache_stashed_bytes:               0
resident:                 78030798848
abandoned_vm:                       0
extent_avail:                   39624
                           n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
large                        19363881       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extent_avail                 85474707      43               0       0               0       0          382753       0               0         0               0           0
extents_dirty               171435663      88              16       0               0       0          385325       0               0         0               0           1
extents_muzzy                23717779      12               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extents_retained             39412006      20               1       0               0       0          385323       0               0         0               0           1
decay_dirty                  23816307      12               0       0               0       0          392221       0               0         0               0           0
decay_muzzy                  19560425      10               0       0               0       0          392199       0               0         0               0           0
base                         45710147      23               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
tcache_list                  19363883       9               0       0               0       0               3       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard                           0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard_grow                      0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_sec                             0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
bins:           size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests   (#/sec)  nshards      curregs     curslabs  nonfull_slabs regs pgs   util       nfills (#/sec)     nflushes (#/sec)       nslabs     nreslabs (#/sec)      n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
                   8   0         5968      8004467       4      8003721       4      6831505         3        1          746            2              0  512   1  0.728      2260498       1      2084667       1            2       105498       0        23709048      12               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  16   1    704653296    310663384     159    266622553     137   4587981766      2357        1     44040831       177793          22944  256   1  0.967     47999067      24     12400148       6       190222    212177452     109        79953318      41               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  24   2   1061954064    311515107     160    267267021     137  10207508943      5246        1     44248086        89195           9899  512   3  0.968     47629668      24     12399418       6        95312    212004987     108        79488279      40               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  32   3       179776      1570031       0      1564413       0   4581096974      2354        1         5618           58             37  128   1  0.756       888995       0       895423       0          804       658355       0        21149103      10               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  40   4    797116720    144153970      74    124226052      63    416415671       214        1     19927918        39437            576  512   5  0.986     26656163      13     12137641       6        45714    104000144      53        58203399      29               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  48   5   1116796848    209997671     107    186731070      95    527494267       271        1     23266601        99508          33900  256   3  0.913     32894033      16     12366418       6       117940    110619489      56        64742272      33               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  56   6     33528656     50520573      25     49921847      25  12660342748      6506        1       598726         1323            365  512   7  0.883     29165287      14     11354514       5         2396     49726595      25        59886078      30               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  64   7        26688     49005203      25     49004786      25   8829489031      4537        1          417           76             75   64   1  0.085     33169982      17     11125958       5         2485     34938894      17        63662306      32               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  80   8       280880      1312021       0      1308510       0    368445388       189        1         3511           20             16  256   5  0.685       856192       0      1094115       0          469       922880       0        21314657      10               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                  96   9         1632      1560626       0      1560609       0     61411941        31        1           17            1              0  128   3  0.132      1559234       0      1559793       0            1            0       0        22482909      11               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 112  10       605360        41868       0        36463       0    236051428       121        1         5405           22              2  256   7  0.959        19707       0        25165       0           69         8518       0        19408822       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 128  11        28800        68877       0        68652       0    142144650        73        1          225            8              1   32   1  0.878        68576       0        68626       0            9            2       0        19501092      10               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 160  12         1760       426125       0       426114       0     92230017        47        1           11            1              0  128   5  0.085       424551       0       425204       0            1            0       0        20213637      10               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 192  13      1158528      3420523       1      3414489       1     37453508        19        1         6034           95              4   64   3  0.992      3366653       1      3393725       1          354       149252       0        26124613      13               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 224  14          672      5387839       2      5387836       2     15330206         7        1            3            1              0  128   7  0.023      5387318       2      5387355       2            1            0       0        30138555      15               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 256  15          768      1567446       0      1567443       0      6438643         3        1            3            1              0   16   1  0.187      1567210       0      1567211       0            1            0       0        22498303      11               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 320  16   2932885120    122558511      62    113393245      58    262417167       134        1      9165266       174188          82494   64   5  0.822     27957918      14     12427861       6       226100     55643710      28        59975760      30               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 384  17    157544832     12714535       6     12304262       6     21011263        10        1       410273        14478           1919   32   3  0.885      6643276       3      7615139       3        37497     10421123       5        33659793      17               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 448  18    334952128     16881996       8     16134335       8     58834235        30        1       747661        13326           2096   64   7  0.876      8124467       4      8920823       4        28987     13795848       7        36438158      18               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 512  19    644537856     24863932      12     23605069      12     59523909        30        1      1258863       161793          14032    8   1  0.972     10350240       5     10131701       5       297564     21628407      11        40143386      20               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 640  20     55880960      4849288       2      4761974       2      5055650         2        1        87314         2781            272   32   5  0.981      3152914       1      3688830       1         8585      4408393       2        26214210      13               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 768  21    906280704     19483641      10     18303588       9     88449678        45        1      1180053        73761            119   16   3  0.999      8563901       4      9123330       4       110805     17879647       9        37161917      19               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                 896  22   3849479424     44503874      22     40207580      20    344843798       177        1      4296294       134261             56   32   7  0.999     13552692       6     10848640       5       168742     39058538      20        43933955      22               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                1024  23   2113713152     27406098      14     25341925      13    179936439        92        1      2064173       517276           4383    4   1  0.997     10561644       5     10214122       5       652728     26047444      13        40792375      20               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                1280  24   6931825920     48570147      24     43154658      22    480623087       247        1      5415489       339416           3639   16   5  0.997     15742404       8     11169697       5       385242     42974926      22        46661224      23               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                1536  25   7826273280     43626622      22     38531392      19    526161142       270        1      5095230       657443          31002    8   3  0.968     15480326       7     11119031       5       702340     39276159      20        46665578      23               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                1792  26   1914271744     16338257       8     15270025       7    111577299        57        1      1068232        66885            204   16   7  0.998      7674019       3      8373049       4        92645     15348441       7        35503594      18               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                2048  27   1466439680     15593205       8     14877170       7     79758443        40        1       716035       358046             57    2   1  0.999      7306059       3      8650424       4       728370     15135826       7        36048734      18               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                2560  28   9336739840     40412623      20     36765459      18    273909332       140        1      3647164       481626          66305    8   5  0.946     14114835       7     11065483       5       606397     35154397      18        45150596      23               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                3072  29  13573023744     40522389      20     36104087      18    366286187       188        1      4418302      1118139          44496    4   3  0.987     14100916       7     10896397       5      1269726     37701517      19        45630920      23               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                3584  30   9460745728     29128669      14     26488952      13    258149966       132        1      2639717       342211          36821    8   7  0.964     11254479       5     10130453       5       402810     26792847      13        41151623      21               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                4096  31   3990835200     15036503       7     14062178       7    119389306        61        1       974325       974325              0    1   1      1      7416606       3      8203721       4     15036503            0       0        50020711      25               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                5120  32   2852070400     10609582       5     10052537       5     72681356        37        1       557045       144743           8711    4   5  0.962      6232182       3      7121307       3       245123     10087039       5        32962493      16               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                6144  33    664098816      6794359       3      6686270       3     16682314         8        1       108089        54084             79    2   3  0.999      5425657       2      5817654       2       139774      6624093       3        30746966      15               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                7168  34    382606336      5037268       2      4983891       2      9664119         4        1        53377        13347             10    4   7  0.999      4261933       2      4450780       2        39037      4913525       2        28115631      14               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
                8192  35    328687616      6394408       3      6354285       3      9854348         5        1        40123        40123              0    1   2      1      4349745       2      5059899       2      6394408            0       0        35167933      18               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
               10240  36    486768640      5706068       2      5658532       2     11881243         6        1        47536        23777             18    2   5  0.999      4754660       2      4949184       2       105079      5369617       2        29172804      14               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
               12288  37    220495872      3834028       1      3816084       1      5571560         2        1        17944        17944              0    1   3      1      3273397       1      3367774       1      3834028            0       0        29839080      15               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
               14336  38     99319808      1717476       0      1710548       0      2005011         1        1         6928         3478             28    2   7  0.995      1500198       0      1542277       0        30362      1446903       0        22436718      11               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
large:          size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests (#/sec)  curlextents
               16384  39     92389376      2627997       1      2622358       1      3533044       1         5639
               20480  40     96337920     20188578      10     20183874      10   1307559996     672         4704
               24576  41     34996224      1542737       0      1541313       0      1758883       0         1424
               28672  42     19468288      1265090       0      1264411       0      1406694       0          679
               32768  43     10452992       758762       0       758443       0       813747       0          319
               40960  44     14254080      1281480       0      1281132       0      1281480       0          348
               49152  45     13762560      1311543       0      1311263       0      1311543       0          280
               57344  46     13475840      5475054       2      5474819       2      5475054       2          235
               65536  47      7798784      1674889       0      1674770       0      1674889       0          119
               81920  48     27033600      2212723       1      2212393       1      2212723       1          330
               98304  49     10321920      1040247       0      1040142       0      1040247       0          105
              114688  50      5160960       651640       0       651595       0       651640       0           45
              131072  51      6422528       512633       0       512584       0       512633       0           49
              163840  52      8847360       748652       0       748598       0       748652       0           54
              196608  53      5505024       454533       0       454505       0       454533       0           28
              229376  54      4358144       246085       0       246066       0       246085       0           19
              262144  55      1310720       123118       0       123113       0       123118       0            5
              327680  56      3604480       205672       0       205661       0       205672       0           11
              393216  57      1966080        60804       0        60799       0        60804       0            5
              458752  58       458752         2339       0         2338       0         2339       0            1
                     ---
              655360  60       655360        73819       0        73818       0        73819       0            1
              786432  61            0         5221       0         5221       0         5221       0            0
              917504  62       917504        16854       0        16853       0        16854       0            1
                     ---
extents:        size ind       ndirty        dirty       nmuzzy        muzzy    nretained     retained       ntotal        total
                4096   0           34       139264            0            0       382433   1566445568       382467   1566584832
                8192   1            8        65536            0            0       198024   1622212608       198032   1622278144
               12288   2            6        73728            0            0       100389   1233580032       100395   1233653760
               16384   3            4        65536            0            0        66423   1088274432        66427   1088339968
               20480   4           10       204800            0            0         9371    191918080         9381    192122880
               24576   5            0            0            0            0         4765    117104640         4765    117104640
               28672   6            0            0            0            0         4574    131145728         4574    131145728
               32768   7            6       200704            0            0         7511    261169152         7517    261369856
               40960   8            2        81920            0            0         8402    357789696         8404    357871616
               49152   9            3       147456            0            0         5415    276668416         5418    276815872
               57344  10            0            0            0            0         1885    111996928         1885    111996928
               65536  11            0            0            0            0         2186    156086272         2186    156086272
               81920  12           10       819200            0            0          291     25346048          301     26165248
               98304  13            1        98304            0            0          234     24383488          235     24481792
              114688  14            0            0            0            0          200     24137728          200     24137728
              131072  15            0            0            0            0          326     46899200          326     46899200
              163840  16            1       163840            0            0          206     36245504          207     36409344
              196608  17            1       196608            0            0          126     26578944          127     26775552
              229376  18            1       229376            0            0           71     17244160           72     17473536
              262144  19            0            0            0            0          137     39718912          137     39718912
              327680  20            0            0            0            0           58     20738048           58     20738048
              393216  21            0            0            0            0           32     13492224           32     13492224
              458752  22            0            0            0            0           29     14155776           29     14155776
              524288  23            0            0            0            0           48     27873280           48     27873280
              655360  24            0            0            0            0            9      6406144            9      6406144
              786432  25            0            0            0            0            7      5959680            7      5959680
                     ---
             1048576  27            0            0            0            0            3      3551232            3      3551232
             1310720  28            0            0            0            0            2      2842624            2      2842624
             1572864  29            0            0            0            0            1      1830912            1      1830912
                     ---
             2097152  31            0            0            0            0            2      4767744            2      4767744
             2621440  32            0            0            0            0            3      8437760            3      8437760
             3145728  33            0            0            0            0            1      3665920            1      3665920
                     ---
             4194304  35            0            0            0            0            3     13004800            3     13004800
                     ---
             6291456  37            0            0            0            0            1      7094272            1      7094272
             7340032  38            0            0            0            0            1      7753728            1      7753728
                     ---
          8589934592  79            0            0            0            0            1  10014318592            1  10014318592
                     ---
Bytes in small extent cache: 0
HPA shard stats:
  Purge passes: 0 (0 / sec)
  Purges: 0 (0 / sec)
  Hugeifies: 0 (0 / sec)
  Dehugifies: 0 (0 / sec)

  In full slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
  In empty slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge

                size ind npageslabs_huge    nactive_huge     ndirty_huge  npageslabs_nonhuge     nactive_nonhuge      ndirty_nonhuge   nretained_nonhuge
                     ---
arenas[1]:
assigned threads: 0
uptime: 1945734009455967
dss allocation precedence: "secondary"
decaying:  time       npages       sweeps     madvises       purged
   dirty:     0            0            0            1        65536
   muzzy:     0            0            0            0            0
                            allocated         nmalloc   (#/sec)         ndalloc   (#/sec)       nrequests   (#/sec)           nfill   (#/sec)          nflush   (#/sec)
small:                              0               0         0               0         0               0         0               0         0               0         0
large:                      536870912               2         0               1         0               2         0               2         0               0         0
total:                      536870912               2         0               1         0               2         0               2         0               0         0

active:                     536870912
mapped:                     538968064
retained:                   268435456
base:                           92112
internal:                           0
metadata_thp:                       0
tcache_bytes:                       0
tcache_stashed_bytes:               0
resident:                   536965120
abandoned_vm:                       0
extent_avail:                       0
                           n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
large                        19363880       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extent_avail                 19363882       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extents_dirty                19363883       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extents_muzzy                19363880       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
extents_retained             19363883       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
decay_dirty                  19363882       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
decay_muzzy                  19363880       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
base                         38727763      19               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
tcache_list                  19363880       9               0       0               0       0               1       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard                           0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_shard_grow                      0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
hpa_sec                             0       0               0       0               0       0               0       0               0         0               0           0
bins:           size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests   (#/sec)  nshards      curregs     curslabs  nonfull_slabs regs pgs   util       nfills (#/sec)     nflushes (#/sec)       nslabs     nreslabs (#/sec)      n_lock_ops (#/sec)       n_waiting (#/sec)      n_spin_acq (#/sec)  n_owner_switch (#/sec)   total_wait_ns   (#/sec)     max_wait_ns  max_n_thds
                     ---
large:          size ind    allocated      nmalloc (#/sec)      ndalloc (#/sec)    nrequests (#/sec)  curlextents
                     ---
           268435456  95            0            1       0            1       0            1       0            0
                     ---
           536870912  99    536870912            1       0            0       0            1       0            1
                     ---
extents:        size ind       ndirty        dirty       nmuzzy        muzzy    nretained     retained       ntotal        total
                     ---
           268435456  59            0            0            0            0            1    268435456            1    268435456
                     ---
Bytes in small extent cache: 0
HPA shard stats:
  Purge passes: 0 (0 / sec)
  Purges: 0 (0 / sec)
  Hugeifies: 0 (0 / sec)
  Dehugifies: 0 (0 / sec)

  In full slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
  In empty slabs:
      npageslabs: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nactive: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      ndirty: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge
      nretained: 0 huge, 0 nonhuge

                size ind npageslabs_huge    nactive_huge     ndirty_huge  npageslabs_nonhuge     nactive_nonhuge      ndirty_nonhuge   nretained_nonhuge
                     ---
--- End jemalloc statistics ---

Comment From: oranagra

from a quick look i took, we can see that in both cases, only one arena is actually being used, and the difference between allocated and active and resident is similar. is that because the older redis didn't run for long? i wonder what to focus on... regarding retained memory (unlike "muzzy"), it actually doesn't affect your RSS, it's safe to ignore.

Comment From: lyveng

I just noticed that the resident is ~75G in both the cases. Till now I thought that I had saved the output of the MEMORY MALLOC-STATS from the container that had memory fragmentation ratio close to 1.28. But seems like that is not the case and I have not noted down the name of the pod for which I had taken the output from. I have prometheus data that shows that the redis containers had restarted after their memory slowly touched 90G. Is there a possibility that the resident memory increased, but doesn't show up in the MEMORY MALLOC-STATS? (I'm assuming the answer is no) Unfortunately, pods are not running the older redis version now. I'll see if I can run the older redis version in prod on just a couple of pods or replay the prod access logs on dev environment to reproduce the issue.

Comment From: oranagra

well, in theory it could be that something else was consuming RSS (not jemalloc), so it'll show in the process RSS and used_memory_rss, but not in allocator_resident and not in the malloc stats. this could be: * memory mapped files (redis doesn't use them) * calls to mmap (either directly by some code, or via a second allocator) * executable code loaded by some shared library) none of these make sense for redis unless you're using some odd module.

it could also be that the resident memory was released from the time you first saw it, till the time you took the stats.