Pandas BUG or as expected/designed?: Generating and calculation with timestamps out of bound?

Pandas version checks

[X] I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.
[X] I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.
[ ] I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
import pytest

t=pd.Timestamp("010120")
print(t.unit)
print(t.min, type(t.min))
print(t.max, type(t.max))

t2=pd.Timestamp(2020,1,1)
print(t2.unit)
print(t2.min, type(t2.min))
print(t2.max, type(t2.max))


with pytest.raises(ValueError):
    pd.Timestamp(10000,1,1)

Issue Description

While preparing our code for Pandas 2, we noticed the following:

1. Different ways of Timestamp creation ends up in a different timestamp unit

pd.Timestamp("010120") -> Timestamp('2020-01-01 00:00:00') with unit = 's' pd.Timestamp(2020, 1, 1) -> Timestamp('2020-01-01 00:00:00') with `unit = 'us'

Moreover I could create Timestamps, which I cannot reproduce with using pd.Timestamp.

Let us take the first timestamp from above:

t = pd.Timestamp("010120")
tmax = t.max

We get tmax = Timestamp('292277026596-12-04 15:30:07') where it is at least not possible to create a Timestamp with a year greater than 9999.

t_impossible = pd.Timestamp(10000,1,1)

lead to

ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[29], line 1
----> 1 pd.Timestamp(10000,1,1)

File ~/venv/myvenv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx:1645, in pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.Timestamp.__new__()

ValueError: year 10000 is out of range

I even cannot count on a timestamp that is outside the max values (pd.Timestamp.max = Timestamp('2262-04-11 23:47:16.854775807') and pd.Timestamp.min = Timestamp('1677-09-21 00:12:43.145224193'))

To what extent is the behaviour intentional or erroneous?

With pandas 1.5.3 it was not possible to create timestamps greater than pd.Timestamp.max due to its ns-representation.

Expected Behavior

I don't know if it is even a bug, but I would expect, that I can create timestamp (e.g. year > 10000) and that I can calculate with timestamps (e.g. 2300-01-01 + 100 days) [ not in every unit, but if the unit allows it, why not?

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

python : 3.10.2.final.0 python-bits : 64 OS : Darwin OS-release : 22.1.0 Version : Darwin Kernel Version 22.1.0: Sun Oct 9 20:14:54 PDT 2022; root:xnu-8792.41.9~2/RELEASE_X86_64 machine : x86_64 processor : i386 byteorder : little LC_ALL : None LANG : None LOCALE : de_DE.UTF-8

pandas : 2.0.0rc1 numpy : 1.23.5 pytz : 2022.6 dateutil : 2.8.2 setuptools : 65.6.3 pip : 22.3.1 Cython : None pytest : 7.2.0 hypothesis : None sphinx : None blosc : None feather : None xlsxwriter : None lxml.etree : 4.9.1 html5lib : None pymysql : None psycopg2 : 2.9.5 jinja2 : 3.1.2 IPython : 8.7.0 pandas_datareader: None bs4 : 4.11.1 bottleneck : None brotli : None fastparquet : None fsspec : 2022.11.0 gcsfs : 2022.11.0 matplotlib : 3.6.2 numba : None numexpr : 2.8.4 odfpy : None openpyxl : 3.0.10 pandas_gbq : None pyarrow : 10.0.1 pyreadstat : None pyxlsb : None s3fs : None scipy : 1.9.3 snappy : None sqlalchemy : 1.4.45 tables : None tabulate : 0.9.0 xarray : None xlrd : None xlwt : None zstandard : None tzdata : None

Comment From: MarcoGorelli

Hey @kaibir ,

thanks for the report, this looks like a bug